Major Elements

Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code B Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code B is a balanced calcium and alkalinity system for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Overview of Brightwell Liquid Reef Code B The carbonate-bearing component of a two-part method for dosing calcium and carbonates (the substances largely responsible for increasing alkalinity ("buffering capacity")) in the same ratio as that found in natural seawater. Ionically-balanced with respect to natural seawater concentrations of calcium and carbonates when used in equal amounts with Reef Code A. Benefits reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc. Simplifies calcium and alkalinity maintenance. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no phosphate, silicate, or organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions & Guidelines for using Liquid Reef Code B from Brightwell Aquatics Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 25 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the alkalinity within a range of 7 - 12 dKH. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,250 US-gallons (4,732 L).When used in equal amounts with Reef Code A, the calcium and carbonates being added are in the same ratio found in natural seawater. Do not mix products in the same container; this will cause the active components to precipitate and become ineffective. Allow 60 seconds to pass between dosing with Reef Code A and B.

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Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code A Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code A is a balanced calcium and alkalinity system for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Overview of Brightwell Liquid Reef Code A The calcium-bearing component of a two- part method for dosing calcium and carbonates (the substances largely responsible for increasing alkalinity ("buffering capacity") in the same ratio as that found in natural seawater. Ionically-balanced with respect to natural seawater concentrations of calcium and carbonates when used in equal amounts with Reef CodeB. Benefits reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc. Simplifies calcium and alkalinity maintenance. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no phosphate, silicate, or organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions & Guidelines for using Reef Code A from Brightwell Aquatics Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 25 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the calcium concentration within a range of 412 - 450 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,250 US-gallons (4,732 L). When used in equal amounts with Reef Code B, the calcium and carbonates being added are in the same ratio found in natural seawater. Do not mix products in the same container; this will cause the active components to precipitate and become ineffective. Allow 60 seconds to pass between dosing Reef Code A and B.

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Brightwell Aquatics Magnesion - 2 Litre Concentrated magnesium supplement for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Magnesion Features Highly-concentrated ionic magnesium solution. Provides magnesium, which helps regulate the balance between calcium and carbonates in aquarium water, and is a component of aragonite, the mineral secreted by reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, and their allies to form skeletal material. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no unwanted organic material such as EDTA, gluconate, or polygluconate. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Magnesion Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 20 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the magnesium concentration within a range of 1,290 - 1,320 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,000 US-gallons (3,785 L).

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Brightwell Aquatics Magnesion - 500ml Concentrated magnesium supplement for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Magnesion Features Highly-concentrated ionic magnesium solution. Provides magnesium, which helps regulate the balance between calcium and carbonates in aquarium water, and is a component of aragonite, the mineral secreted by reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, and their allies to form skeletal material. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no unwanted organic material such as EDTA, gluconate, or polygluconate. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Magnesion Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 20 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the magnesium concentration within a range of 1,290 - 1,320 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,000 US-gallons (3,785 L).

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Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code B Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code B is a balanced calcium and alkalinity system for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Overview of Brightwell Liquid Reef Code B The carbonate-bearing component of a two-part method for dosing calcium and carbonates (the substances largely responsible for increasing alkalinity ("buffering capacity")) in the same ratio as that found in natural seawater. Ionically-balanced with respect to natural seawater concentrations of calcium and carbonates when used in equal amounts with Reef Code A. Benefits reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc. Simplifies calcium and alkalinity maintenance. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no phosphate, silicate, or organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions & Guidelines for using Liquid Reef Code B from Brightwell Aquatics Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 25 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the alkalinity within a range of 7 - 12 dKH. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,250 US-gallons (4,732 L).When used in equal amounts with Reef Code A, the calcium and carbonates being added are in the same ratio found in natural seawater. Do not mix products in the same container; this will cause the active components to precipitate and become ineffective. Allow 60 seconds to pass between dosing with Reef Code A and B.

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Brightwell Aquatics Lugol's Solution Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Lugol's is an extremely powerful iodine solution. It should only be used by advanced reef aquarists to dose iodine as well as to create a dip for corals and their allies. The importance of iodine in a reef aquarium cannot be overstated. Presence of iodine is vital to hermatypic invertebrates (i.e., corals, clams, and their allies that harbor zooxanthellae) because it is used to detoxify excess oxygen produced by zooxanthellae. This oxygen irritates sensitive tissue. Corals and clams that appear to shrivel or close under intense lighting are attempting to shade their zooxanthellae crop to reduce the rate of oxygen production. Iodine (as the iodide ion) essentially bonds with oxygen to form non-toxic iodate, relieving the need to shield zooxanthellae and enabling the host organism to open fully.The predominant form of iodine in seawater is iodide. The natural seawater concentration of all iodine species combined is approximately 0.06 ppm, classifying it as a minor element. Even in this small concentration, iodine is required for survival of fishes, crustaceans, macroalgae and kelp, and hermatypic invertebrates alike. Iodine binds rapidly with latent organic material and is passively removed by aggressive protein skimming and the use of organic-adsorption products such as activated carbon and specialty resins. The combined biological and chemical depletion of iodine necessitate that its concentration be monitored and the aquarium supplemented as needed. The rate at which iodine is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions. Once the rate of iodine uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. Instructions & Guidelines for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Lugol's Solution in the Aquarium Determine the iodine concentration in the aquarium using an accurate test kit before supplementing. Each ml of Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Lugol's will increase the concentration of iodine ( " [I]") in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by 12 ppm, or approximately 0.6 ppm per drop. EZ Calculations for use in the aquarium:Multiply tank capacity in gallons x ppm increase desired x .07570 = ml of product to add. Example to raise the concentration of iodine in a 100 gallon aquarium by .02 ppm, the calculation is: 100 x .02 x .07570 = 0.15 ml. To get the number of drops required, multiply this number by 20, so this would be 0.15 ml * 20 = 3 drops. (a dropperful is 1 ml or 20 drops). Instructions & Guidelines for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Lugol's Solution as a Dip for Corals Draw one gallon of aquarium water from your aquarium and use the following calculation to determine how much Lugol's to add. EZ Calculations for a Dip:14.4 divided by the ppm per gallon on the label = ml to add to one gallon of tank water in your bucket. If your label says the Lugol's will raise 1 US gallon of water by 12 ppm, the calculation would be: 14.4 / 12 = 1.2 ml of Lugol's. So you would add 1.2 ml or a dropperful and then 20% of another dropperful to 1 gallon of tankwater that you placed in the bucket. That would also be 1 dropperful plus 4 drops. (a dropperful is 1 ml or 20 drops). Corals may be soaked for 10 to 12 minutes. SET A TIMER!

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Brightwell Aquatics Iodion Advanced iodide supplement for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Iodion Features Highly-concentrated, extended activity iodide solution. Provides iodide, which is important to hermatypic corals and other invertebrates harboring zooxanthellae, macroalgae, and also to the health of fishes. Stronger than most competing products. The nature of iodide sources used makes Iodion more effective than standard iodide-solutions. Suitable for use by aquarium hobbyists of all skill and experience levels. Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Iodion Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 50 US-gallons of aquarium water every two- to three-days or as needed to maintain the iodine concentration within a range of 0.04 - 0.06 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 2,500 US-gallons (9,464 L).

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Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code A Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code A is a balanced calcium and alkalinity system for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Overview of Brightwell Liquid Reef Code A The calcium-bearing component of a two- part method for dosing calcium and carbonates (the substances largely responsible for increasing alkalinity ("buffering capacity") in the same ratio as that found in natural seawater. Ionically-balanced with respect to natural seawater concentrations of calcium and carbonates when used in equal amounts with Reef CodeB. Benefits reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc. Simplifies calcium and alkalinity maintenance. Stronger than most competing products. Contains no phosphate, silicate, or organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions & Guidelines for using Reef Code A from Brightwell Aquatics Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 25 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the calcium concentration within a range of 412 - 450 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,250 US-gallons (4,732 L). When used in equal amounts with Reef Code B, the calcium and carbonates being added are in the same ratio found in natural seawater. Do not mix products in the same container; this will cause the active components to precipitate and become ineffective. Allow 60 seconds to pass between dosing Reef Code A and B.

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Brightwell Aquatics Alkalin8.3 Concentrated KH buffer supplement for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Alkalin8.3 Features Highly-effective alkalinity(KH)-increasing ("buffer") solution. Helps increase pH stability in an aquarium by raising the alkalinity. Provides a source of carbonates, which make up the majority by weight of aragonite, the mineral secreted by reef-building organisms as skeletal material. Continued addition raises pH until 8.3 is reached, at which point the pH remains unchanged and the alkalinity alone increases. Over 50% stronger than most competing products. Free of phosphate, silicate, and organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist Instructions for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Alkalin8.3 Shake product well before using. Add product at the maximum rate of 5 ml (1 capful) per 30 US-gallons daily until the desired alkalinity is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below) to maintain alkalinity between 7 - 12 dKH. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,500 US-gallons (5,678 L).

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Brightwell Aquatics Potassion Brightwell Aquatics Potassion is a highly-concentrated ionic potassium solution for marine reef aquariums. Overview of Brightwell Potassion Additive Provides potassium, an important component of aragonite (the mineral secreted as skeletal material by corals and other reef-building marine organisms), complexed into pigments that enhance blue coloration of some small-polyp stony corals, important to proper neurological function, and depleted in marine aquaria by livestock. 80,000 ppm K; considerably stronger and more economical than competing potassium products. May be used to combat potassium depletion that often accompanies the use of zeolite-based filtration methods employed to maintain ultra-low-nutrient aquaria. Formulated by a marine scientist. Note that the natural seawater concentration of potassium is ~399 ppm; maintaining the potassium concentration in marine aquaria as closely to this value as possible is recommended. Instructions & Guidelines for using Potassion from Brightwell Aquatics Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 50 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the potassium concentration within a range of 390 - 410 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 2,500 US-gallons (9,464 L).

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Brightwell Aquatics Strontion Brightwell Aquatics Strontion is a concentrated strontium supplement for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Overview of Brightwell Strontium Additive Highly-concentrated ionic strontium solution. Incorporated by corals, clams, and other reef-building invertebrates into aragonite, the mineral that is secreted as skeletal material. Stronger than most competing strontium solutions. Contains no unwanted organic material such as EDTA, gluconate, or polygluconate. Over 50% stronger than most competing products. Free of phosphate, silicate, and organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions & Guidelines for using Strontion from Brightwell Aquatics Shake product well before using. Add 5 ml (1 capful) of product per 20 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the strontium concentration within a range of 8 - 12 ppm. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 1,000 US-gallons (3,750 L).

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Brightwell Aquatics Boost pH+ Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Boost pH+ is a high range pH increaser that deals with excess CO2. It raises the pH only without altering alkalinity or calciumpH is a measurement of the acidity of a solution, such as aquarium water. The pH of natural seawater ranges from approximately 8.2 - 8.4, however maintaining pH in the range of 8.4 - 8.5 on a daily basis has a positive effect on captive marine organism growth rate, primarily in stony corals. It also may help prevent bleaching, boost immune response and assist in coloration. To maintain a stable pH within the desired range, the alkalinity must first be maintained within a range of 7.5 - 9.5 dKH (2.7 - 3.4 meq/L). Aquaria with low circulation at the water's surface, or in which a CO2-injected calcium reactor is being employed, or which are placed in an enclosed room with human and animal inhabitants (giving off CO2 into the air), often have a depressed pH due to carbon dioxide build up.Boost pH+ will overcome this and bring pH in the aquarium back into a higher desired range without raising alkalinity to an unacceptable level. Use as directed and do not exceed a pH value of 8.5, because pH at 8.6 or higher may be stressful and/or damaging to sensitive aquarium inhabitants. Additionally, changes to pH should be made very gradually, again to avoid stressing aquarium inhabitants. See suggestions for adjusting alkalinity below. It is not unusual for pH to fluctuate throughout the course of 24-hours between seemingly wide-ranging values (i.e. lower at night higher during the middle of the day); this is a natural occurrence that is caused by changes in the rates of photosynthesis between dark and light periods.If pH levels are seen to be constantly below the desired level and alkalinity is within the proper range, then the addition of Boost pH+, this product, may be very helpful. Boost pH+ Features Increases pH in marine and reef aquaria without affecting alkalinity or calcium level (which is an unusual ability not found in most similar products) May also be used to increase pH in aquaria that have chronically low pH due to excess CO2 or other chronically low pH problems Works with buffers and alkalinity products to increase pH to desirable 8,3, 8.4 or 8.5 levels without increasing alkalinity itself Assists coral growth. Higher pH allows increased growth rate in new frags and mother colonies in coral grow out facilities Instructions for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Boost pH+ First adjust the alkalinity to a range of 7.5 - 9.5 dKH (2.7 - 3.4 meq/L) as described above using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics' pH+ or Alkalin8.3 or Alkalin8.3-P (powder) as directed on their bottles. To raise pH further without increasing alkalinity, add 7.5 ml per of Boost pH+ (this product) per 10 US gallons in a high flow area such as a pump intake or a power head exhaust. pH will generally stabilize within 5 minutes following product use, Re-measure pH and dose again, if necessary. Livestock should not be subjected to a change in pH of more than 0.2 per 24-hour period, so do not overdose Boost pH+. Repeat as needed to attain desired pH value. It is recommended that pH be maintained within a range of +/-0.2 at all times.

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Brightwell Aquatics Kalk +2 Calcium, magnesium, and strontium supplement for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Kalk +2 Features Contains calcium, strontium, and magnesium in the same ionic ratios found in aragonite. This unique feature increases the usefulness of KALK+2 to reef-building invertebrates such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc.. Provides temporary alkalinity and helps maintain pH within the desired range when used as directed. Adds no conservative elements,suchas chloride, to the aquarium. Improves upon the industry-standard powdered calcium supplement over the past three decades. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Kalk +2 KALK+2 is intended for use by experienced hobbyists who are familiar with kalkwasser (calcium hydroxide-based) products. The calcium concentration ("[Ca2+]") and pH in the aquarium should be determined by using an accurate test kit prior to supplementing. Do not add this product directly to an aquarium without diluting in water as directed, and do not overdose; it must be added in a controlled fashion with a dosing device.Create a stock solution by dissolving 6 grams (~1 tsp) of KALK+2 in 1 US-gallon of fresh water (preferably purified) and allowing at least one hour for any settling to occur; each ml of the saturated sol'n will increase the [Ca2+] in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by 2.3 ppm, strontium concentration by 0.04 ppm, and magnesium concentration by 0.06 ppm.

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Brightwell Aquatics Replenish Brightwell Aquatics Replenish is an advanced Trace & Minor Element Supplement for all Marine Fish & Reef Aquaria Overview of Brightwell Replenish Trace Element Additive Unique complex that replaces trace and minorelements used by fishes, corals, and other invertebrates, and which are lost through chemical filtration (protein skimming and use of filtration media such as resins and activated carbon). Provides 29 minor and trace minerals, all present in natural seawater ratios. Does not contain minor or trace elements not expressly known to be utilized by marine organisms or take place in chemical interactions. Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials. Formulated by a marine scientist. Replenish provides only those minor and trace elements found by oceanographers to exhibit non-conservative behavior in seawater (meaning that they are depleted by biological and chemical reactions taking place within the photic zone) and that are safe for human handling. Elements are present in natural seawater ratios (i.e. the ratios in which they are present in seawater). Since they are not depleted by biological nor chemical interactions, no minor or trace elements that are not expressly needed by aquatic organisms are present in this product; this includes unnecessary elements such as lithium, rubidium, and molybdenum.Of the detectable elements in seawater, 11 are minor elements and 52 are trace elements. Between the two groups, at least 13 elements appear to be expressly-required for the growth of primary producers such as algae, and an additional 18 are either incorporated into living tissue/skeletal material or undergo chemical interactions that cause their depletion in surface waters. These elements are important to a number of enzymatic and vitamin-synthesis reactions for plants and animals alike; additionally, they influence pigmentation, and therefore coloration, of various organisms. Iron is utilized in the production of chloroplasts; it is very important to photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton, micro- and macroalgae, coralline algae, and zooxanthellae. Although iodine is a minor element, it is taken up by algae and aquatic plants more rapidly than other minor elements, and is not included in this product, but rather in separate supplements. All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory. Instructions & Guidelines for using Replenish from Brightwell Aquatics Basic: Shake product well before using. Add 1/2 ml (~10 drops) of product per 25 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day. When used in this fashion, 250 ml treats up to 2,500 US-gallons (9,464 L).Advanced: With the exceptions of iodine and iron, there are no hobbyist-grade test kits that provide reliable measurements of the concentrations of many minor and trace elements present in marine aquaria. It's therefore not possible to chemically determine exactly how much of a trace and minor element supplement to dose; rather, you must rely on the appearance of the livestock to make that determination.We encourage new users of this product to dose 1 ml per 10 US-gallons weekly for the first four weeks of use; this corresponds to dosing 0.14 ml (~3 drops) per 10 US-gallons each day. Then, gradually increase the weekly dosage to 2 ml per 10 US-gallons over the following four weeks and maintain this dosage. Starting at a low dosage will not cause any harm to the livestock, and will enable you to notice subtle changes in the appearance of the system that indicate the effectiveness and need for the product. Daily dosing maintains more stable concentrations (and a more natural environment) than dosing weekly, in which the concentration of elements spikes just after dosing and then gradually decreases throughout the course of the week. Though trace elements are essential in reef and fish-only aquaria, the gross overdosing of a trace element supplement can be harmful to aquarium inhabitants. Minor and trace elements are made unavailable in marine aquaria largely by adsorption to particulate organic matter (POM); therefore, it is recommended that protein skimming and other means of POM removal from the aquarium be in operation at all times. Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Not for human consumption.

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Brightwell Aquatics Coralline Accelerator The active components of Coralline Accelerator are provided by a combination of sources and include natural aragonite, increasing the solubility of the solution and the effectiveness of the method. Silicate- and phosphate-free.Examples of reef-building organisms familiar to hobbyists are: coralline algae, stony corals and their allies; molluscs including clams (bivalves) and snails (gastropods); tube worms that secrete calcareous burrows; and other calcareous algae such as Halimeda, and Penicilus. These organisms require that the components of aragonite be in adequate concentrations if they are to thrive, regardless of how perfect the remainder of their environment is. The advantage to this method of supplementation is that one product may be used to establish and maintain water parameters conducive to reef formation.Note that target ion-specific supplementation may be called for in some aquaria, depending upon stocking density of reef-building organisms and environmental conditions within the system. Additionally, hobbyists may choose to use Coralline Accelerator in conjunction with other methods of calcium, strontium, magnesium, and carbonate supplementation as a means of diversifying their dosing routine.The rate at which calcium and carbonates are extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of supplementation. Coralline Accelerator Features Complete source of the elements and molecules that are directly used by coralline algae, as well as corals, clams, and other reef-building invertebrates Provides calcium, strontium, magnesium, and potassium in approximately the same ratios* in which they occur in aragonite. Very strong source of carbonates (derived from aragonite), the other important group of ions involved in aragonite formation. Increases alkalinity to help stabilize pH. Stronger than competing products. May be used as an inexpensive alternative to automated calcium reactor systems with similar results. Free of phosphate, silicate, and organic material. Instructions for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Coralline Accelerator Shake product well before using. Add 10 ml (2 capfuls) of product per 50 US-gallons of aquarium water every other day or as needed to maintain the calcium concentration within a range of 412 - 450 ppm. When used in this fashion, 500 ml treats up to 2,500 US-gallons (9,450 L).Coralline Accelerator may temporarily cloud aquarium water after addition, therefore it is recommended that the product be dosed in the late evening.

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Brightwell Aquatics Alkalin8.3 Powder Buffer KH buffer powder for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Alkalin8.3 Features Highly-effective alkalinity-increasing ("buffer") powdered blend. Helps increase pH stability in an aquarium by raising the alkalinity; continued addition raises pH until 8.3 is reached, at which point the pH remains unchanged and the alkalinity alone increases. Provides a source of carbonates, which make up the majority by weight of aragonite, the mineral secreted by reef-building organisms as skeletal material. Formulated by a marine scientist Determine alkalinity in aquarium with an accurate test kit prior to supplementing. Do not add this product directly to an aquarium without first diluting in water as directed. Instructions for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Alkalin8.3 Powder Dissolve 2 grams (~1/2 teaspoon) of product per 20 US-gallons of aquarium water in 8-fl. oz. of fresh water; add every other day or as needed to maintain the alkalinity within a range of 7 - 12 dKH. When used in this fashion, 1,000 g treats up to 10,000 US-gallons (37,854 L).

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Brightwell Aquatics Elemental Reef building supplement for coralline algae, coral, clams, and other marine invertebrates. Elemental Features Complete source of the elements and molecules directly used by corals, clams, and other reef-building invertebrates and organisms to create skeletal material and grow. Provides calcium, strontium, magnesium, and potassium in approximately the same ratios in which they occur in aragonite, the mineral that is primarily secreted by reef-building marine organisms under normal environmental conditions. Very strong source of carbonates, also involved in aragonite formation; twice the calcium relative to carbonates compared to natural aragonite. Formulated by a marine scientist. Instructions for using Brightwell Aquatics Aquatics Elemental Dissolve 2 grams (~1/2 teaspoon) of product per 20 US-gallons of aquarium water in 8-fl. oz. of fresh water; stir immediately prior to use and add every other day to provide important elements to reef-building organisms. May also be added directly to an area of high water flow. When used in this fashion, 400 g treats up to 4,000 US-gallons (15,141.6 L). May temporarily cloud aquarium water after addition, therefore it is recommended that the product be dosed at night.

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Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code A-P Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code A-P is a balanced calcium and alkalinity system for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Overview of Brightwell Reef Code A-P Powder The calcium-bearing component of a two-part method for dosing calcium and carbonates (the substances largely responsible for increasing alkalinity ("buffering capacity")) in the same ratio as that found in natural seawater. Benefits reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc. Simplifies calcium and alkalinity maintenance; economical for particularly large systems. Contains no phosphate, silicate, or organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. This method of calcium and carbonate supplementation is advantageous to hobbyists interested in a simple and effective means of providing elements and molecules required for skeletal growth of reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, and their allies.The magnesium concentration in all reef aquaria should be adjusted to, and maintained between, 1,290 - 1,320 ppm before using these supplements (alone or together) or other calcium and alkalinity products. Doing so helps prevent unwanted precipitation between calcium and carbonate ions.The rate at which calcium and carbonates are extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef- building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of supplementation.It is recommended that calcium and magnesium concentrations in the aquarium system be determined by using accurate test kits prior to supplementing. Do not add this product directly to an aquarium containing live animals without first diluting in water as directed. Instructions & Guidelines for using Reef Code A-P from Brightwell Aquatics 1 Kilogram will make between approximately 1.8 and 3.10 gallons of Part-A additive.Basic Instructions and Guidelines: Add 20 grams per 8-fl. oz. of purified water in a clean mixing container and stir to dissolve; dose the resultant solution to the aquarium system as required to maintain the calcium concentration within a range of 412 - 450 ppm.Advanced Instructions and Guidelines: Create a stock solution by dissolving 35 grams of Reef Code A-P in 8-fl. oz. of purified fresh water; each ml of the solution will increase the calcium concentration ("[Ca2+]")in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by ~10 ppm. [Reference: Each g of REEF CODE A-P will increase the [Ca2+] in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by ~87 ppm.] If initial [Ca2+] in the aquarium is below 412 ppm, add stock solution at maximum rate of 10 ml per 20 US-gallons daily until desired concentration is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Maintain [Ca2+] within a range of +/-10ppm. Once desired [Ca2+] has been acquired, measure aquarium's [Ca2+] at the same time each day over a one- to two-week period to determine the daily rate of calcium uptake (i.e. the decrease in calcium). To determine daily dosing rate: estimate volume of water in entire aquarium system (US-gal.); divide the daily decrease in [Ca2+] by 10; multiply this number by volume of water in system to obtain daily ml of stock solution required to maintain stable [Ca2+]. Dose system as required to maintain desired calcium and alkalinity (using Reef Code B-P) values. Do not mix solutions together; this will cause the active components to precipitate and become ineffective. May be mixed individually in large containers and dosed with a drip- or automated-dosing system; ensure that solutions are entering the system in different areas to prevent precipitation. If dosing manually, allow at least 5 minutes to pass between dosing Reef Code A-P and B-P solutions.

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Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code B-P Brightwell Aquatics Reef Code B is a balanced calcium and alkalinity system for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Overview of Brightwell Reef Code B-P Powder The alkalinity-bearing component of a two-part method for dosing calcium and carbonates (the substances largely responsible for increasing alkalinity ("buffering capacity")) in the same ratio as that found in natural seawater. Benefits reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, calcareous algae, etc. Simplifies calcium and alkalinity maintenance; economical for particularly large systems. Contains no phosphate, silicate, or organic material. Formulated by a marine scientist. This method of calcium and carbonate supplementation is advantageous to hobbyists interested in a simple and effective means of providing elements and molecules required for skeletal growth of reef-building organisms such as corals, clams, and their allies. The magnesium concentration in all reef aquaria should be adjusted to, and maintained between, 1,290 - 1,320 ppm before using these supplements (alone or together) or other calcium and alkalinity products. Doing so helps prevent unwanted precipitation between calcium and carbonate ions. The rate at which calcium and carbonates are extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of supplementation.It is recommended that calcium and magnesium concentrations in the aquarium system be determined by using accurate test kits prior to supplementing. Do not add this product directly to an aquarium containing live animals without first diluting in water as directed. Instructions & Guidelines for using Reef Code B-P from Brightwell Aquatics 1 Kilogram will make between approximately 1.8 and 3.1 gallons of Part-B additive.Basic Instructions and Guidelines: Dissolve 20 grams per 8-fl. oz. of purified water in a clean mixing container and stir to dissolve; dose the resultant solution to the aquarium system as required to maintain the alkalinity within a range of 7 - 12 dKH. Up to 60 g per 8-fl. oz. Of purified water may be mixed at once.Advanced Instructions and Guidelines: Create a stock solution by dissolving 30 grams of REEF CODE B-P in 8-fl. oz. of purified fresh water; each ml of the solution will increase the alkalinity in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by ~1.0 dKH (0.375 meq/L). [Reference: Each g of REEF CODE B-P will increase the alkalinity in 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of water by ~8.3 dKH (3 meq/L).] If initial alkalinity in the aquarium is below 7 dKH (2.5 meq/L), add stock solution at maximum rate of 10 ml per 20 US-gallons daily until desired alkalinity is attained, then dose daily or weekly as needed (see below). Maintain alkalinity within a range of +/-1 dKH. Once desired alkalinity has been acquired, measure the alkalinity at the same time each day over a one- to two-week period to determine the required rate of alkalinity depletion. To determine daily dosing rate: estimate volume of water in entire aquarium system (US-gal.); divide the daily decrease in alkalinity by 2.1 (when reading dKH); multiply this number by volume of water in system to obtain daily ml of stock solution required to maintain stable alkalinity. Maximum strength of the stock sol�n should not exceed 58.3 g RCBP per 8-fl. oz. purified water. Dose system as required to maintain desired calcium (using REEF CODE A-P) and alkalinity values. Do not mix solutions together; this will cause the active components to precipitate and become ineffective. May be mixed individually in large containers and dosed with a drip- or automated-dosing system; ensure that solutions are entering the system in different areas to prevent precipitation. If adding manually, allow at least 60 seconds to pass between dosing REEF CODE A-P and B-P solutions.

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