Corals

This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. At night time it will retract the bubbles and extend its feeding tentacles, and will benefit from meaty foods such as mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, pellets, etc. It can alter the size of its bubbles to expose its symbiotic algae to more or less light, however like all corals sudden changes in light intensity should be avoided.Bubble corals can be hardy once established and are not prone to pests, aside from planaria flatworms. When handling this coral it should be picked up via the skeleton only, and allowed to fully retract before removing from the water. It has thin tissue which is prone to tearing, and may suffer from infectious brown jelly infection due to injury if removed from water while inflated, from falls due to incorrect placement, or high water flow.This coral should be provided with plenty of space as it may produce long, powerful sweeper tentacles.The Pearl Bubble coral has a crowded cluster of small bubbles often with pointed tips covering its surface. Its alluring appearance has made it a favorite of many hobbyists. Australian specimens may have nicer coloration than those from other locations. It is best positioned on the rockwork where it cannot fall, in a horizontal position.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium Lighting:Low - Medium Average Placement: Low - Middle Water Flow: Low Temperament: Aggressive

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will benefit from occasional feedings of meaty foods such as mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, chopped krill, pellets, etc. Some corals may also respond to phytoplankton. Its transparent feeding tentacles extend mainly at night, although it can learn to feed during daylight hours.Open brain corals are able to expand their tissues to a surprising size, and are often called Meat corals. They thrive under dim to moderate light, and may be damaged by intense illumination. They are often nipped on by fish, especially angelfish. Many open brains are sensitive to the chemicals released by soft corals, such as leathers, lemnalia and mushrooms; the use of carbon filtration (changed frequently) and regular water changes can minimize this.Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion; although open brain corals possess feeding tentacles they are prone to being stung and damaged by neighboring corals.The fleshy polyps of Acan corals may be any color of the rainbow. Colored corals may be a solid color or at most two colors, and may be arranged as stripes or rings. Australian specimens are more rare and impressive than those from other locations. So many color combinations are possible that they lend themselves to being very collectable.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Slow Lighting: Medium Average Placement: Middle Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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An absolutely delightful creature, the Walking Dendro coral contains inside of its skeleton a commensal peanut worm. As the worm moves around in search of food it also moves its coral host, which helps prevent the coral from being buried in the substrate. This is a fairly new animal to the captive aquarium scene which we are very excited about. It is usually yellowish to orange with long tentacles which emerge in dim lighting or when it detects food.The Walking Dendro coral may contain photosynthetic algae within its tissues providing a small amount of energy, however it is best cared for like a non-photosythetic coral, that is, frequent feedings of meaty items. It will accept mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, pellets, etc. Feedings should be as regular as possible, at least once every two or three days. Weak specimens may conserve energy by refusing to open; in this situation food may have to settle on the polyps for some time before it will eat. The worm does not require much aside from a mature sand bed to provide it with food, and a slow acclimation to the aquarium.If regular feedings are provided it will reward the dedicated aquarist with growth and good polyp extension. It is typically solitary and does not become colonial. It is semi-aggressive and should be protected from contacting other corals.Because of its requirement for frequent feeding it makes an excellent tank-mate with sun coral, carnation, flowerpot, filter-feeding gorgonians, chili sponge, as well as invertebrates such as sponges, tunicates, porcelain crabs, feather duster worms including those living within Porites coral, clams and oysters, cucumbers and sea apples, etc. Difficulty: Advanced Growth Speed: Slow Lighting:Medium - High Average Placement: Low Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water and may be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc.Although Euphyllia corals can be quite hardy and not prone to pests, they are not tolerant of poor water quality and may fail to extend their polyps. Physical damage to the coral should be avoided at all cost, as it is prone to infectious brown jelly infection.This coral should be provided with plenty of space as it may produce long, powerful sweeper tentacles; low water flow helps to minimize the growth of these tentacles.It is hard to resist the allure of the Torch coral’s long, waving tentacles. Each is tipped with a bright end, like the light on a flashlight. The ultra Torch coral is intensely hued, and may be nearly any color including electric green or a rare shade of orange or yellow.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting:Medium Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Aggressive

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This uncommon small polyped coral resembles a Stylophora or Porites, but with a spiny skeleton. Ultra colored specimens come in a variety of bright colors, sometimes with contrasting polyps. It benefits from similar conditions, including good lighting and flow, but also appreciates being target fed. In the wild it typically grows within cracks in the rocks, but a well cared for frag can grow into a beautiful colony in the aquarium. It is one of the easiest small polyped corals to grow, spreading more rapidly than most others. This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will also benefit from occasional feedings of fine zooplankton and coral snow.Temperature swings are not tolerated and may lead to bleaching. Temperatures should never be allowed to reach 82F, which will surely damage the colony. For this reason many aquarists keep their temperature lower as a precaution, as low as 76F. Intermixing with soft corals (especially leathers, mushrooms and Lemnalia) is best avoided, as many soft corals release potent chemicals into the water which can be detrimental to the health of small polyp stony corals. Water flow should be strong and is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow:Medium - High Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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Considered by many to be the pinnacle of reef-keeping success, Acropora corals are extremely demanding, but just as rewarding if given proper care. They require exceptionally stable water quality which can only be provided in a well-established aquarium over 6 months old. High levels of nitrate and phosphate are not tolerated and commonly cause browning; although low, stable levels are necessary for best growth and color. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Any instability leads to extreme stress which may lead to bleaching or tissue necrosis.They are very prone to pests, such as the red bug copepod, gorilla crabs, vermetid and Drupella sp. snails, some Asterina sp. starfish, nudibranches, flat worms, and boring sponges. All colonies should be dipped prior to adding to a display aquarium. Quarantine and removal of any substrate are also beneficial practices. It may be host to several species of beneficial crustaceans including Tetralia and Trapezia sp. crabs.Shallow water species have densely clustered polyps and need the brightest light, while those naturally from deeper water have sparse polyps with smooth skin and tolerate lower light levels. Newly acquired specimens should be acclimated to intense light levels slowly to avoid bleaching. Species with thicker branches demand the highest water flow. Acropora are related to Montipora but tend to be much more difficult to keep.Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion nematocyst laden acontia filaments, which are digestive organs that can kill neighboring corals.With a huge diversity of dazzling colors and shapes, it’s no wonder Acropora are some of the most popular corals of all. Colored Australian specimens are typically brighter and more impressively hued than those from other locations. It may be nearly any color of the rainbow, and many specimens are multicolored. Many species will display white or contrasting colored growth tips. This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will also benefit from occasional feedings of fine zooplankton and coral snow.Temperature swings are not tolerated and may lead to bleaching. Temperatures should never be allowed to reach 82F, which will surely damage the colony. For this reason many aquarists keep their temperature lower as a precaution, as low as 76F.Intermixing with soft corals (especially leathers, mushrooms and Lemnalia) is best avoided, as many soft corals release potent chemicals into the water which can be detrimental to the health of small polyp stony corals.Water flow should be strong and is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Advanced Growth Speed: Medium Lighting: High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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Notable for its extreme diversity of growth forms, this coral may form plates, leaves, valleys, ridges or spires covered in puffy tissue creating a translucent effect. It grows slowly, but rewards with ever more ornate and intricate shapes as it matures.This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will also benefit from occasional feedings of small phytoplankton, zooplankton and small meaty items best offered in the evening. Pectinia is related to the Chalice corals Echinophyllia, Mycedium and Oxypora, however it tends to grow much more exotic structures as opposed to a simple bowl-shape. When handling this coral it should be picked up from underneath, and allowed to fully retract before removing from the water. It has a thin skeleton prone to physical injury leading to infection, especially if removed from water while inflated or from falls due to incorrect placement. It is however known to be virtually pest free. It may extend sweeper tentacles to feed at night, however it is prone to being injured by other corals.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Slow Lighting: Medium Average Placement: Low - Middle Water Flow: Low Temperament: Peaceful

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water and may be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc.Although Euphyllia corals can be quite hardy and not prone to pests, they are not tolerant of poor water quality and may fail to extend their polyps. Physical damage to the coral should be avoided at all cost, as it is prone to infectious brown jelly infection.This coral should be provided with plenty of space as it may produce long, powerful sweeper tentacles; low water flow helps to minimize the growth of these tentacles.With tentacles waving in the current in an almost hypnotic fashion, Hammer coral has charmed nearly every reef keeper at some point. Each tentacle ends in a single “T” shaped tip in a contrasting hue from its stalk.Ultra Australian colors are always exceedingly bright and impressive, and usually fluorescence brightly under actinic lighting.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting:Medium Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Aggressive

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This interesting coral most often takes on a plating shape, able to encrust onto and extend outward from the rockwork. Occasionally it may develop whirls, branches or crinkled shapes. Ultra Australian specimens are always vividly colored and are more rare and impressive than those from other locations.Echinophyllia corals are best known for their flashy, saturated colors, which may be nearly any color of the rainbow; many colonies show contrasting colors. It is similar to Mycedium and Oxypora, but tends to puff up its tissue more than its relatives, especially around the edges of the colony where it may extend up to an inch from the skeleton. Its large, raised corallites often point in many different angles. It is one of the hardiest and most adaptable of the Chalice corals. Faviidae, or Closed Brain corals, are quite hardy and adaptable, making them a great first introduction to stony corals. This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also be offered small meaty items such as mysis and enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, and pellets. Its transparent feeding tentacles extend mainly at night, although it can learn to feed during daylight hours. It is tolerant of less-than-perfect water quality and not prone to pests.Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion, as its long sweeper tentacles have a strong sting. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Medium Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Aggressive

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This outrageously hued soft coral comes from the Caribbean. It is covered in large tentacles which are often swollen and branched. Its color may be intense scarlet to bright orange, sometimes translucent or with hints of other colors. It is also known as the Bubble or Warty mushroom. This coral arrives loose without any substrate.It is often beneficial upon introduction to place the coral in low or shaded light and gradually move it to a more brightly lit location. To encourage it to attach to substrate it may be placed in a shallow dish with course rubble or rock. St. Thomas mushrooms may show better color and growth if given higher light levels and more food than more common types of mushroom.St. Thomas mushroom corals receive most of their energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within their tissues. They will benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and small meaty items such as brine shrimp. They are covered by a thick layer of mucus which helps them consume small edible particles, and they also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water. They are quite adaptable and virtually pest and disease free.St. Thomas mushrooms are peaceful with other corals so long as they do not physically touch them- they have been known to melt other corals, especially stony corals, in this situation. Different colors of St. Thomas often co-exist well in close proximity. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Mid-Level Water Flow: Low Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water and may be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc.Although Euphyllia corals can be quite hardy and not prone to pests, they are not tolerant of poor water quality and may fail to extend their polyps. Physical damage to the coral should be avoided at all cost, as it is prone to infectious brown jelly infection.This coral should be provided with plenty of space as it may produce long, powerful sweeper tentacles; low water flow helps to minimize the growth of these tentacles.It is hard to resist the allure of the Torch coral’s long, waving tentacles. Each is tipped with a bright end, like the light on a flashlight. The ultra Torch coral is intensely hued, and may be nearly any color including electric green or a rare shade of orange or yellow.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting:Medium Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Aggressive

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These corals receive most of their energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within their tissues. They will also benefit from occasional feedings of phytoplankton. Specimens collected from the South Pacific have much more vivid colors than those from Indonesia.While leather corals have non-stinging tentacles, it is possible for them to release potent chemicals into the water which adversely affect the growth of stony corals; the use of carbon filtration (changed frequently) and regular water changes can minimize this. They occasionally retract all polyps and develop a waxy sheet over the surface which makes them look wet underwater; this is a natural cleansing behavior. Given good water flow the sheet will be shed into the water and the polyps will re-emerge. The sheet will break down naturally, but should be removed if seen floating in the water or if it covers another coral.Once established this coral is very hardy, but it may be prone to several types of pests. Snails such as the rapa rapa, little egg cowrie, nudibranches, and worms such as syllid worms (among others) may prey on soft corals. We recommend every coral be dipped before placed in a display aquarium. Leather corals may also be sensitive to the aluminum oxide in some phosphate-absorbing media.The Devil’s Hand leather has a distinctive shape which resembles both a finger leather and a toadstool. It grows on a stalk with a flat cap, resembling the palm of a hand, sprouting out of which are branches, or fingers. It may be shades of tan to muted yellow, sometimes with contrasting colored polyps. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Fast Lighting: Low - Medium Average Placement: Low - Middle Water Flow: Medium - Strong Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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Mushroom corals receive most of their energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within their tissues. They will also benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and small meaty items such as brine shrimp. They are covered by a thick layer of mucus which helps them consume small edible particles, and they also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water. They are very adaptable and virtually pest and disease free.Mushrooms are peaceful with other corals so long as they do not physically touch them- they have been known to melt other corals, especially stony corals, in this situation. Different colors of mushrooms often co-exist well in close proximity. It is very uncommon, but possible, for large specimens to close around and consume small animals such as fish.Mushroom corals are easy to keep and are a popular first coral for beginners, often growing and multiplying quickly. They come in many color varieties and textures. The Blue Mushroom is smooth, sometimes with small bumps, and has a blueish to purple color. Several corals will be attached to a rock. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Fast Lighting: Low-Medium Average Placement: Low Water Flow: Low-Medium Temperament: Semi-Aggressive Mushroom corals are easy to keep and are a popular first coral for beginners, often growing and multiplying quickly. They come in many color varieties and textures. The Ultra Colored Mushroom may be smooth or bumpy, and may come in any bright color of the rainbow. Several corals will be attached to a rock.

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Mushroom corals receive most of their energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within their tissues. They will also benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and small meaty items such as brine shrimp. They are covered by a thick layer of mucus which helps them consume small edible particles, and they also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water. They are very adaptable and virtually pest and disease free.Mushrooms are peaceful with other corals so long as they do not physically touch them- they have been known to melt other corals, especially stony corals, in this situation. Different colors of mushrooms often co-exist well in close proximity. It is very uncommon, but possible, for large specimens to close around and consume small animals such as fish.Mushroom corals are easy to keep and are a popular first coral for beginners, often growing and multiplying quickly. They come in many color varieties and textures. The Blue Mushroom is smooth, sometimes with small bumps, and has a blueish to purple color. Several corals will be attached to a rock. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Fast Lighting: Low-Medium Average Placement: Low Water Flow: Low-Medium Temperament: Semi-Aggressive Mushroom corals are easy to keep and are a popular first coral for beginners, often growing and multiplying quickly. The Metallic mushroom is electric green with protruding tentacles across its surface. These tentacles are long, pink and branching, giving it a very impressive appearance. It can fluoresce brightly under actinic lighting. Several corals will be attached to a rock.

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Mushroom corals receive most of their energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within their tissues. They will also benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and small meaty items such as brine shrimp. They are covered by a thick layer of mucus which helps them consume small edible particles, and they also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water. They are very adaptable and virtually pest and disease free.Mushrooms are peaceful with other corals so long as they do not physically touch them- they have been known to melt other corals, especially stony corals, in this situation. Different colors of mushrooms often co-exist well in close proximity. It is very uncommon, but possible, for large specimens to close around and consume small animals such as fish.Mushroom corals are easy to keep and are a popular first coral for beginners, often growing and multiplying quickly. They come in many color varieties and textures. This mushroom is smooth, sometimes with small bumps, and has a blueish to purple color as well as possible green coloration. Several corals will be attached to a rock. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Fast Lighting: Low-Medium Average Placement: Low Water Flow: Low-Medium Temperament: Semi-Aggressive Mushroom corals are easy to keep and are a popular first coral for beginners, often growing and multiplying quickly. They come in many color varieties and textures. The Blue Mushroom is smooth, sometimes with small bumps, and has a bright blueish to purple color. Several corals will be attached to a rock.

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This coral receives much of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It also depends on absorbing nutrients from the water, and will benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and coral snow. Zoanthids are often covered in a heavy mucus layer which helps them capture prey. Many types may be voracious feeders if offered meaty items, especially those corals with long tapering tentacles. Their sting is quite mild, however they can grow fast enough to over-grow other corals, so adequate space should be provided to accommodate future growth. Those species with shorter tentacles typically require higher water flow than those with longer tentacles, and all types will benefit from bright light.Most species contain toxins in their mucus and tissues, including the potent neurotoxin palytoxin, which may be dangerous to humans. It is important not to underestimate this toxin- gloves are highly recommended when handling this coral. Sand Zoanthus polyps may be any of nearly limitless colors, often pink, red, or green, often with contrasting skirts or mouths in a different color. Different color varieties may grow next to one another peacefully, so it is possible to create a rainbow garden. Collected from Australia, each colony is unique.Sand Zoanthus polyps are a type of Zoanthid, also called colonial anemones. They grow in a cluster by budding, and are attached at the base by runners or a mat. Occasionally blowing the colony with a baster or powerhead will help clear detritus from between the polyps and discourage nuisance algae. They are very hardy and are quite tolerant of poor water quality. However, they may be prone to pests such as predatory nudibranch, sundial snails, spiders, some Asterina sp. starfish, and zoa pox infection. Dipping the coral before adding to a display aquarium is highly recommended. Some fish may also nip on them. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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Montipora require stable water quality ideally provided in a well-established aquarium over 6 months old. High levels of nitrate and phosphate are not tolerated and may cause browning; although low, stable levels are necessary for best growth and color. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly.They are prone to many pests, most notably nudibranch which are very difficult to eradicate. Gorilla crabs, flat worms and vermetid snails can also damage this coral. All colonies should be dipped prior to adding to a display aquarium. Quarantine and removal of any substrate are also beneficial practices. It may be host to several species of beneficial crustaceans including Tetralia and Trapezia sp. crabs.Newly acquired specimens should be acclimated to intense light levels slowly to avoid bleaching. Lower lighting may be tolerated but tends to cause browning. Those corals with bumpy surfaces require the highest water flow, while smooth corals may tolerate more gentle movement. Montipora are related to Acropora but tend to be much easier to keep.Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion, as Montipora do not possess strong defensive filaments and may be stung by neighboring corals.Montipora are popular corals available in many spectacular colors and growth patterns. The encrusting Montipora can cover bare rock in shimmering hues; some varieties have contrasting colored polyps. It may be crimson to tangerine or any shade between. Its miniature polyps make some varieties appear soft, giving it the common name Velvet coral.This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will also benefit from occasional feedings of fine zooplankton and coral snow.Temperature swings are not tolerated and may lead to bleaching. Temperatures should never be allowed to reach 82F, which will surely damage the colony. For this reason many aquarists keep their temperature lower as a precaution, as low as 76F.Intermixing with soft corals (especially leathers, mushrooms and Lemnalia) is best avoided, as many soft corals release potent chemicals into the water which can be detrimental to the health of small polyp stony corals. Water flow should be strong and is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty:Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Peaceful

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Birdsnest coral is a type of pocilloporid, related to Stylophora and Pocillopora. They are some of the easiest small polyped stony corals to keep. Although they can be highly adaptable, they should still be provided with bright lighting and strong turbulent water flow best provided with a wave maker or surge action. It may be host to several species of beneficial crustaceans including Trapezia sp. crabs. In nature their polyps are open mainly at night, although in the aquarium they typically also open in the daytime. This coral may grow short sweeper tentacles less than 1”.This distinctive coral has extremely thin branches with tapered tips which may be quite sharp. As the colony grows they may become intertwined into a tangled bush. Color is usually bright mint green or hot pink. This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will also benefit from occasional feedings of fine zooplankton and coral snow.Temperature swings are not tolerated and may lead to bleaching. Temperatures should never be allowed to reach 82F, which will surely damage the colony. For this reason many aquarists keep their temperature lower as a precaution, as low as 76F.Intermixing with soft corals (especially leathers, mushrooms and Lemnalia) is best avoided, as many soft corals release potent chemicals into the water which can be detrimental to the health of small polyp stony corals.Water flow should be strong and is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water and may be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc.Although Euphyllia corals can be quite hardy and not prone to pests, they are not tolerant of poor water quality and may fail to extend their polyps. Physical damage to the coral should be avoided at all cost, as it is prone to infectious brown jelly infection.This coral should be provided with plenty of space as it may produce long, powerful sweeper tentacles; low water flow helps to minimize the growth of these tentacles.Emerging from a single, undulating skeleton are countless waving polyps, each with a uniquely shaped tip that resembles a ship’s anchor.Ultra Australian colors are always exceedingly bright and impressive, and usually fluorescence brightly under actinic lighting.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting:Medium Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Aggressive

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water and may be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc.Although Euphyllia corals can be quite hardy and not prone to pests, they are not tolerant of poor water quality and may fail to extend their polyps. Physical damage to the coral should be avoided at all cost, as it is prone to infectious brown jelly infection.This coral should be provided with plenty of space as it may produce long, powerful sweeper tentacles; low water flow helps to minimize the growth of these tentacles.It is hard to resist the allure of the Torch coral’s long, waving tentacles. Each is tipped with a bright end, like the light on a flashlight. The ultra Torch coral is intensely hued, and may be nearly any color including electric green or a rare shade of orange or yellow.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting:Medium Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Aggressive

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Faviidae, or Closed Brain corals, are quite hardy and adaptable, making them a great first introduction to stony corals. Their wide array of possible color combinations make them popular with experienced reef-keepers as well. They are tolerant of less-than-perfect water quality and are not prone to pests.This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc. Its transparent feeding tentacles extend mainly at night, although it can learn to feed during daylight hours. Colonies with very bright colors and flat forms thrive under bright light and strong water flow; rounded, dome shapes need moderate light and flow.Some species are able to produce copious amounts of clear mucus and should be rinsed well before adding to a display aquarium. Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion, as its long sweeper tentacles have a strong sting.Moon corals resemble an otherworldly landscape which has been bombarded with meteorites. Many color combinations are possible, with Australian corals being more rare and impressive than those from other locations. It may one of two very similar corals: Favia, which has separate corallites, and Favites, in which the corallites share their walls. Both have identical care needs and make terrific additions to almost any reef.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Medium Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Aggressive

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water and may be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc.Although Euphyllia corals can be quite hardy and not prone to pests, they are not tolerant of poor water quality and may fail to extend their polyps. Physical damage to the coral should be avoided at all cost, as it is prone to infectious brown jelly infection.This coral should be provided with plenty of space as it may produce long, powerful sweeper tentacles; low water flow helps to minimize the growth of these tentacles.It is hard to resist the allure of the Torch coral’s long, waving tentacles. Each is tipped with a bright end, like the light on a flashlight. The ultra Torch coral is intensely hued, and may be nearly any color including electric green or a rare shade of orange or yellow.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting:Medium Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Aggressive

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This coral receives much of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It also depends on absorbing nutrients from the water, and will benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and coral snow. Zoanthids are often covered in a heavy mucus layer which helps them capture prey. Many types may be voracious feeders if offered meaty items, especially those corals with long tapering tentacles. Their sting is quite mild, however they can grow fast enough to over-grow other corals, so adequate space should be provided to accommodate future growth. Those species with shorter tentacles typically require higher water flow than those with longer tentacles, and all types will benefit from bright light.Most species contain toxins in their mucus and tissues, including the potent neurotoxin palytoxin, which may be dangerous to humans. It is important not to underestimate this toxin- gloves are highly recommended when handling this coral. Neon, Metallic, Nuclear, and most definitely, Ultra, each of these corals adds a dazzling effect to the reef. Each colony is intensely hued and most fluorescence brightly under actinic lighting. Colors may be hot pink, bright blue, intense scarlet, emerald green, or any other color or combination of colors. This coral is collected from Australia, and may grow peacefully beside another color variety, making it possible to create a garden of rainbow colors.Sand Zoanthus polyps are a type of Zoanthid, also called colonial anemones. They grow in a cluster by budding, and are attached at the base by runners or a mat. Occasionally blowing the colony with a baster or powerhead will help clear detritus from between the polyps and discourage nuisance algae. They are very hardy and are quite tolerant of poor water quality. However, they may be prone to pests such as predatory nudibranch, sundial snails, spiders, some Asterina sp. starfish, and zoa pox infection. Dipping the coral before adding to a display aquarium is highly recommended. Some fish may also nip on them. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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This coral receives much of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It also depends on absorbing nutrients from the water, and will benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and coral snow. Zoanthids are often covered in a heavy mucus layer which helps them capture prey. Many types may be voracious feeders if offered meaty items, especially those corals with long tapering tentacles. Their sting is quite mild, however they can grow fast enough to over-grow other corals, so adequate space should be provided to accommodate future growth. Those species with shorter tentacles typically require higher water flow than those with longer tentacles, and all types will benefit from bright light.Most species contain toxins in their mucus and tissues, including the potent neurotoxin palytoxin, which may be dangerous to humans. It is important not to underestimate this toxin- gloves are highly recommended when handling this coral. Neon, Metallic, Nuclear, and most definitely, Ultra, each of these corals adds a dazzling effect to the reef. Each colony is intensely hued and most fluorescence brightly under actinic lighting. Colors may be hot pink, bright blue, intense scarlet, emerald green, or any other color or combination of colors. This coral is collected from Australia, and may grow peacefully beside another color variety, making it possible to create a garden of rainbow colors.Sand Zoanthus polyps are a type of Zoanthid, also called colonial anemones. They grow in a cluster by budding, and are attached at the base by runners or a mat. Occasionally blowing the colony with a baster or powerhead will help clear detritus from between the polyps and discourage nuisance algae. They are very hardy and are quite tolerant of poor water quality. However, they may be prone to pests such as predatory nudibranch, sundial snails, spiders, some Asterina sp. starfish, and zoa pox infection. Dipping the coral before adding to a display aquarium is highly recommended. Some fish may also nip on them. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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Montipora require stable water quality ideally provided in a well-established aquarium over 6 months old. High levels of nitrate and phosphate are not tolerated and may cause browning; although low, stable levels are necessary for best growth and color. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly.They are prone to many pests, most notably nudibranch which are very difficult to eradicate. Gorilla crabs, flat worms and vermetid snails can also damage this coral. All colonies should be dipped prior to adding to a display aquarium. Quarantine and removal of any substrate are also beneficial practices. It may be host to several species of beneficial crustaceans including Tetralia and Trapezia sp. crabs.Newly acquired specimens should be acclimated to intense light levels slowly to avoid bleaching. Lower lighting may be tolerated but tends to cause browning. Those corals with bumpy surfaces require the highest water flow, while smooth corals may tolerate more gentle movement. Montipora are related to Acropora but tend to be much easier to keep.Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion, as Montipora do not possess strong defensive filaments and may be stung by neighboring corals.Montipora are popular corals available in many spectacular colors and growth patterns. The encrusting Montipora can cover bare rock in shimmering hues; some varieties have contrasting colored polyps. It may be crimson to tangerine or any shade between. Its miniature polyps make some varieties appear soft, giving it the common name Velvet coral.This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will also benefit from occasional feedings of fine zooplankton and coral snow.Temperature swings are not tolerated and may lead to bleaching. Temperatures should never be allowed to reach 82F, which will surely damage the colony. For this reason many aquarists keep their temperature lower as a precaution, as low as 76F.Intermixing with soft corals (especially leathers, mushrooms and Lemnalia) is best avoided, as many soft corals release potent chemicals into the water which can be detrimental to the health of small polyp stony corals. Water flow should be strong and is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty:Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Peaceful

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This coral receives much of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It also requires occasional feeding; it is able to consume foods such as mysis, enriched brine shrimp and pellets. It is often the favorite host of small commensal shrimp such as Periclimenes sp.When handling this coral it should be picked up from underneath, and allowed to fully retract before removing from the water. It is prone to physical injury, especially if removed from water while inflated or from falls due to incorrect placement. It is less able to heal from these physical injuries than most other corals. It is however known to be virtually pest free.This interesting coral is free-living on the substrate, preferably sand or rubble. It has the ability to “walk” across the bottom and even over small rocks. It has some ability to rid itself of sand, however it takes a great deal of energy. Plate and Tongue corals of all kinds can live together as they do not sting each other. However, they may damage other corals by depositing thick mucus onto them.Waving its blunt tentacles alluringly in the current, this stony coral resembles an anemone in nearly every way. The tips of the tentacles are dazzling contrasting hue or color than the rest of the coral. Ultra Australian specimens are more intensely colored than those from other countries.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Slow Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Low Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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Faviidae, or Closed Brain corals, are quite hardy and adaptable, making them a great first introduction to stony corals. Their wide array of possible color combinations make them popular with experienced reef-keepers as well. They are tolerant of less-than-perfect water quality and are not prone to pests.This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc. Its transparent feeding tentacles extend mainly at night, although it can learn to feed during daylight hours. Colonies with very bright colors and flat forms thrive under bright light and strong water flow; rounded, dome shapes need moderate light and flow.Some species are able to produce copious amounts of clear mucus and should be rinsed well before adding to a display aquarium. Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion, as its long sweeper tentacles have a strong sting.Moon corals resemble an otherworldly landscape which has been bombarded with meteorites. Ultra Australian colors are always exceedingly bright and impressive, and usually fluorescence brightly under actinic lighting. It may one of two very similar corals: Favia, which has separate corallites, and Favites, in which the corallites share their walls. Both have identical care needs and make terrific additions to almost any reef. Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Medium Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Aggressive

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will benefit from occasional feedings of meaty foods such as mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, chopped krill, pellets, etc. Some corals may also respond to phytoplankton. Its transparent feeding tentacles extend mainly at night, although it can learn to feed during daylight hours.Open brain corals are able to expand their tissues to a surprising size, and are often called Meat corals. They thrive under dim to moderate light, and may be damaged by intense illumination. They are often nipped on by fish, especially angelfish. Many open brains are sensitive to the chemicals released by soft corals, such as leathers, lemnalia and mushrooms; the use of carbon filtration (changed frequently) and regular water changes can minimize this.Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion; although open brain corals possess feeding tentacles they are prone to being stung and damaged by neighboring corals.The fleshy polyps of Acan corals may be any color of the rainbow. Colored corals may be a solid color or at most two colors, and may be arranged as stripes or rings. Australian specimens are more rare and impressive than those from other locations. So many color combinations are possible that they lend themselves to being very collectable. If fed meaty foods frequently it may bud off new polyps surprisingly quickly.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Moderate Lighting: Medium Average Placement: Middle Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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Faviidae, or Closed Brain corals, are quite hardy and adaptable, making them a great first introduction to stony corals. Their wide array of possible color combinations make them popular with experienced reef-keepers as well. They are tolerant of less-than-perfect water quality and are not prone to pests.This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc. Its transparent feeding tentacles extend mainly at night, although it can learn to feed during daylight hours. Colonies with very bright colors and flat forms thrive under bright light and strong water flow; rounded, dome shapes need moderate light and flow.Some species are able to produce copious amounts of clear mucus and should be rinsed well before adding to a display aquarium. Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion, as its long sweeper tentacles have a strong sting.This uncommon and delightful coral is sure to please. It appears as meandering mountain ranges separated by U-shaped valleys, nearly always of contrasting colors. Many color combinations are possible, with Australian corals being more rare and impressive than those from other locations. It may be one of two very similar species, which can attempt to be differentiated by the ridges patterns, which may be honeycomb shaped if Goniastrea and more random and snake-like if Platygyra.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Slow Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Aggressive

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Montipora require stable water quality ideally provided in a well-established aquarium over 6 months old. High levels of nitrate and phosphate are not tolerated and may cause browning; although low, stable levels are necessary for best growth and color. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly.They are prone to many pests, most notably nudibranch which are very difficult to eradicate. Gorilla crabs, flat worms and vermetid snails can also damage this coral. All colonies should be dipped prior to adding to a display aquarium. Quarantine and removal of any substrate are also beneficial practices. It may be host to several species of beneficial crustaceans including Tetralia and Trapezia sp. crabs.Newly acquired specimens should be acclimated to intense light levels slowly to avoid bleaching. Lower lighting may be tolerated but tends to cause browning. Those corals with bumpy surfaces require the highest water flow, while smooth corals may tolerate more gentle movement. Montipora are related to Acropora but tend to be much easier to keep.Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion, as Montipora do not possess strong defensive filaments and may be stung by neighboring corals.Montipora are popular corals available in many spectacular colors and growth patterns. The encrusting Montipora can cover bare rock in shimmering hues; some varieties have contrasting colored polyps. It may be crimson to tangerine or any shade between. Its miniature polyps make some varieties appear soft, giving it the common name Velvet coral.This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will also benefit from occasional feedings of fine zooplankton and coral snow.Temperature swings are not tolerated and may lead to bleaching. Temperatures should never be allowed to reach 82F, which will surely damage the colony. For this reason many aquarists keep their temperature lower as a precaution, as low as 76F.Intermixing with soft corals (especially leathers, mushrooms and Lemnalia) is best avoided, as many soft corals release potent chemicals into the water which can be detrimental to the health of small polyp stony corals. Water flow should be strong and is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty:Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Peaceful

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It can also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water and may be offered zooplankton coral preparations, rotifers, mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, etc.Although Euphyllia corals can be quite hardy and not prone to pests, they are not tolerant of poor water quality and may fail to extend their polyps. Physical damage to the coral should be avoided at all cost, as it is prone to infectious brown jelly infection.This coral should be provided with plenty of space as it may produce long, powerful sweeper tentacles; low water flow helps to minimize the growth of these tentacles.It is hard to resist the allure of the Torch coral’s long, waving tentacles. Each is tipped with a bright end, like the light on a flashlight. The ultra Torch coral is intensely hued, and may be nearly any color including electric green or a rare shade of orange or yellow.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting:Medium Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Low - Medium Temperament: Aggressive

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Ricordea mushroom corals receive most of their energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within their tissues. They will benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and small meaty items such as brine shrimp. They are covered by a thick layer of mucus which helps them consume small edible particles, and they also absorb dissolved nutrients from the water. They are quite adaptable and virtually pest and disease free.Ricordea mushrooms are peaceful with other corals so long as they do not physically touch them- they have been known to melt other corals, especially stony corals, in this situation. Different colors of Ricordea often co-exist well in close proximity. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Mid Level Water Flow: Low Temperament: Semi-Aggressive The Red Ricordea is very uncommon and may be any shade of brilliant red to pink, sometimes with hints of other colors, and typically arrives attached to substrate.It is often beneficial upon introduction to place the coral in low or shaded light until it begins reaching for the light, and then gradually move it to a more brightly lit location. Ricordea may show better color and growth if given higher light levels and more food than more common types of mushroom.Yuma Ricordea often have larger bumps around their outside edge which gradually become smaller towards the center, as opposed to Florida Ricordea which have bumps of mainly uniform size.

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This coral receives much of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It also depends on absorbing nutrients from the water, and will benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and coral snow. Zoanthids are often covered in a heavy mucus layer which helps them capture prey. Many types may be voracious feeders if offered meaty items, especially those corals with long tapering tentacles. Their sting is quite mild, however they can grow fast enough to over-grow other corals, so adequate space should be provided to accommodate future growth. Those species with shorter tentacles typically require higher water flow than those with longer tentacles, and all types will benefit from bright light.Most species contain toxins in their mucus and tissues, including the potent neurotoxin palytoxin, which may be dangerous to humans. It is important not to underestimate this toxin- gloves are highly recommended when handling this coral. Neon, Metallic, Nuclear, and most definitely, Ultra, each of these corals adds a dazzling effect to the reef. Each colony is intensely hued and most fluorescence brightly under actinic lighting. Colors may be hot pink, bright blue, intense scarlet, emerald green, or any other color or combination of colors. This coral is collected from Australia, and may grow peacefully beside another color variety, making it possible to create a garden of rainbow colors.Sand Zoanthus polyps are a type of Zoanthid, also called colonial anemones. They grow in a cluster by budding, and are attached at the base by runners or a mat. Occasionally blowing the colony with a baster or powerhead will help clear detritus from between the polyps and discourage nuisance algae. They are very hardy and are quite tolerant of poor water quality. However, they may be prone to pests such as predatory nudibranch, sundial snails, spiders, some Asterina sp. starfish, and zoa pox infection. Dipping the coral before adding to a display aquarium is highly recommended. Some fish may also nip on them. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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This coral receives much of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It also depends on absorbing nutrients from the water, and will benefit from occasional feedings of zooplankton and coral snow. Zoanthids are often covered in a heavy mucus layer which helps them capture prey. Many types may be voracious feeders if offered meaty items, especially those corals with long tapering tentacles. Their sting is quite mild, however they can grow fast enough to over-grow other corals, so adequate space should be provided to accommodate future growth. Those species with shorter tentacles typically require higher water flow than those with longer tentacles, and all types will benefit from bright light.Most species contain toxins in their mucus and tissues, including the potent neurotoxin palytoxin, which may be dangerous to humans. It is important not to underestimate this toxin- gloves are highly recommended when handling this coral. Sand Zoanthus polyps may be any of nearly limitless colors, often pink, red, or green, often with contrasting skirts or mouths in a different color. Different color varieties may grow next to one another peacefully, so it is possible to create a rainbow garden. Collected from Australia, each colony is unique.Sand Zoanthus polyps are a type of Zoanthid, also called colonial anemones. They grow in a cluster by budding, and are attached at the base by runners or a mat. Occasionally blowing the colony with a baster or powerhead will help clear detritus from between the polyps and discourage nuisance algae. They are very hardy and are quite tolerant of poor water quality. However, they may be prone to pests such as predatory nudibranch, sundial snails, spiders, some Asterina sp. starfish, and zoa pox infection. Dipping the coral before adding to a display aquarium is highly recommended. Some fish may also nip on them. Difficulty: Easy Growth Speed: Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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Montipora require stable water quality ideally provided in a well-established aquarium over 6 months old. High levels of nitrate and phosphate are not tolerated and may cause browning; although low, stable levels are necessary for best growth and color. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly.They are prone to many pests, most notably nudibranch which are very difficult to eradicate. Gorilla crabs, flat worms and vermetid snails can also damage this coral. All colonies should be dipped prior to adding to a display aquarium. Quarantine and removal of any substrate are also beneficial practices. It may be host to several species of beneficial crustaceans including Tetralia and Trapezia sp. crabs.Newly acquired specimens should be acclimated to intense light levels slowly to avoid bleaching. Lower lighting may be tolerated but tends to cause browning. Those corals with bumpy surfaces require the highest water flow, while smooth corals may tolerate more gentle movement. Montipora are related to Acropora but tend to be much easier to keep.Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion, as Montipora do not possess strong defensive filaments and may be stung by neighboring corals.Montipora are popular corals available in many spectacular colors and growth patterns. The plating Montipora may encrust the rock but also extends out as rounded plates, often whirling or layering in astounding ways which are enhanced as it grows by random, turbulent water flow. It may be grape to azure or any shade between. It is affectionately known as “Monti Cap”, short for capricornis, although many species may also form plating shapes.This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will also benefit from occasional feedings of fine zooplankton and coral snow.Temperature swings are not tolerated and may lead to bleaching. Temperatures should never be allowed to reach 82F, which will surely damage the colony. For this reason many aquarists keep their temperature lower as a precaution, as low as 76F.Intermixing with soft corals (especially leathers, mushrooms and Lemnalia) is best avoided, as many soft corals release potent chemicals into the water which can be detrimental to the health of small polyp stony corals.Water flow should be strong and is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium - Fast Lighting: Medium - High Average Placement: Middle - High Water Flow: Medium - High Temperament: Peaceful

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This coral receives most of its energy by utilizing the photosynthetic algae contained within its tissues. It will benefit from occasional feedings of meaty foods such as mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, chopped krill, pellets, etc. Some corals may also respond to phytoplankton. Its transparent feeding tentacles extend mainly at night, although it can learn to feed during daylight hours.scolymia corals are able to expand their tissues to a surprising size, and are often called Meat corals. They thrive under dim to moderate light, and may be damaged by intense illumination. They are often nipped on by fish, especially angelfish. Many scolymias are sensitive to the chemicals released by soft corals, such as leathers, lemnalia and mushrooms; the use of carbon filtration (changed frequently) and regular water changes can minimize this.Space should be provided between corals to allow for growth and expansion; although scolymia corals possess feeding tentacles they are prone to being stung and damaged by neighboring corals.The Scolymia coral is an uncommon scolymia coral which is found in a huge variety of possible colors and patterns. It is similar to the Donut coral but does not inflate to the same degree; instead, it has an incredible texture on its surface. This, combined with its appealing round shape, makes it one of the most highly sought after LPS corals. The green variety sometimes has a contrasting center or stripes. Scolymia coral is recommended for well established aquariums, as it may recede from any less than ideal condition, leading to possible algae overgrowth or infection.Water flow is best provided as turbulent flow with the use of a wave maker or surge action. Constant laminar flow is very damaging and could cause death of the coral. Alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and strontium are required for growth and should be checked regularly. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Slow Lighting: Low - Medium Average Placement: Low Water Flow: Low Temperament: Semi-Aggressive

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Embodying the delightful allure of a sunflower, this coral opens up to reveal a beauty unlike any other. Its bright colors shine with an intensity few other corals can hope to match. The Dendro coral is completely non-photosynthetic and receives all of its energy by capturing zooplankton. It will accept items such as mysis shrimp, enriched brine shrimp, oyster eggs, pellets, etc. Feedings should be as regular as possible, preferably every 24 hours. Unlike similar species such as Sun coral, Dendro’s polyps are usually open during the day time, making both feeding and enjoying this coral much easier. It does not require any light, and may be placed in a cave or under an overhang. It may also be placed near the surface (away from intense light) to make target feeding easier. Weak specimens may conserve energy by refusing to open; in this situation food may have to settle on the polyps for some time before it will eat. Unlike many other corals, each of Dendro coral’s polyps are separate and cannot share food with one another. Each polyp must be fed in order to thrive. Its polyps tend to be larger and more impressive than the more common Sun coral. Pests on Dendro coral are rare, but may include wentletrap snails or nudibranch. If regular feedings are provided it will reward the dedicated aquarist with the growth of new polyps. It is peaceful and should be protected from contacting other corals and their sweeper tentacles. Because of its requirement for frequent feeding it makes an excellent tank-mate with carnation, flowerpot, sun coral, filter-feeding gorgonians, chili sponge, as well as invertebrates such as sponges, tunicates, porcelain crabs, feather duster worms including those living within Porites coral, clams and oysters, cucumbers and sea apples, etc. Difficulty: Intermediate Growth Speed: Medium Lighting: Low - Medium Average Placement: Middle Water Flow: Medium Temperament: Peaceful

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